In the future, missions will be carried out where the travel time is very long, which generates a more dangerous time of isolation and confinement, as well as greater exposure to radiation and altered gravity, all this can produce adverse cognitive or behavioral conditions and if they are not treated in a timely manner, it can lead to a psychiatric disorder. In order to handle this problem, by analyzing the responses that occur in a dose-effect manner, models of the multifactorial nature of animals consistent with human biomarkers are made in order to develop a set of criteria to be able to take into account human risks.

HFBP is developing methods to monitor cognitive and behavioral health during a long duration exploration mission, and adapting/refining various tools and technologies for use in the spaceflight environment. These measures and tools will be used to monitor, detect, and treat early risk factors such as detection early signs of stress, cognitive or behavioral changes provides recommendations on space medicine best practices; and provides updates to behavioral health and performance standards. HFBP developed a research plan against spaceflight stressors that can cause cognitive and behavioral changes. which are the filing, isolation and exposure to gravity. 

2 Risk of adverse health and performance effects of celestial dust exposure  

The unique properties of the dust, like those of other stars, can be very harmful to humans, causing respiratory, cardio pulmonary, ocular or dermal damage, which can obviously cause both long and short term damage. Therefore, the classification of these stardust is essential for NASA to create countermeasures, in an analysis that was performed on rodents along with the review of experts managed to establish a permissible explosion limit. With the established limit, engineering controls are carried out for missions on the lunar surface.

3 Risk of adverse health effects due to host-microorganism interactions

During spaceflight missions, data have been collected that indicate alterations in microbial virulence and weakening of the crew's immune system, which increases the likelihood of virus infection. Measures to avoid these situations include constant monitoring of the ship's air to identify the presence of pathogens and routes of infection by obligate pathogens. To solve the problem of the immune system, astronauts are recommended to exercise and eat a good diet.

4 Risk of adverse health event due to altered immune response

Changes in the immune systems of astronauts after and during space flight have been documented. such as reactivations of herpes and some skin rashes and some skin rashes, for which the mitigation strategy is to use mitigation strategy is to resort to operative procedures, functional foods, nutritional functional foods, nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, probiotics, pharmaceuticals, exercise, vaccination, behavioral countermeasures, bone countermeasures, personalized/precision medicine. The above measures have been established for short duration space travel because for those that require a large amount of time there is no information yet on how the immune system may react.

5 Risk of adverse health outcomes and decrements in performance due to medical conditions that occur in mission, as well as long term health outcomes due to mission exposures

La saluThe health of the astronauts is the main field of any mission, for this reason in each mission they collect data on the health of the crew members and when they return to earth they are constantly monitored to observe changes in long-term health and with all this information to create better plans for future missions but all these data are only found in missions very close to the earth. The difficulty arises when the trips are of very long time because there you have to have special measures because normally many measures when the measures had a problem related to the crew of the ship or any operating system was to send support or return to earth but for example the future mission to Mars can not be done by also it is essential to create an engineering structure that is part of the ship that allows the astronauts to solve any health or operational problem.

6 Risk of altered sensorimotor/vestibular fuction impacting critical mission task

Altered gravity such as changing gravitational fields can cause astronauts a number of health problems such as changes in sensorimotor function manifested through nausea, spatial disorientation, decreased control of posture and locomotion, and deficits in manual motor control.  To deal with these problems NASA is implementing pre-flight and in-flight exercises, post-flight rehabilitation, combination of pharmacological countermeasures with new motion sickness medications. For the future it includes sensorimotor assessments to provide fitness for duty in exploration tasks and provide a quantitative index of readiness to perform mission-critical tasks, as well as self-administered integrative measures suitable for autonomous exploration missions.

7 Risk of bone fractyre due to spaceflight-induced changes to bone

Bone fractures of astronauts in space travel can be classified into two main fields: traumatic fractures, which are due to mechanical overload of the bones, and atraumatic fractures, which are due to a fragile state of the bones, giving the possibility that with minimal or no load on the bone a fracture may occur. In the first field its analysis is based on estimating a risk factor since it is necessary to try to foresee the possible situations of danger where the bones suffer great impacts and in the second field its analysis is more complex since it is necessary to take into account the circumstances that generate the deficit of calcium of the bones in space since for the moment weightlessness is known as the main generator, but a characteristic that is already known is that the longer the space trip is, the weaker the bones are going to become.  To solve this problem, drugs are used in several cases because the simple fact of doing exercises is not enough in space.

8 Risk of cardio vascular adaptations contrinuting to adverse misión Performance and health outcomes

Exposure to weightlessness alters the flow and distribution of blood pressure producing changes in cardio vascular structure and function. This cardio vascular deconditioning leads to orthostatic intolerance and loss of exercise capacity. The strategy to mitigate this problem is to understand and reduce the cardiovascular effects that are gradually produced by the weightlessness factor, for example for the case of missions of between 4 to 6 months it is proposed to return to earth to perform a reconditioning process, but the problem is when the trips are very long because you have to take into account both the effects of weightlessness and the case where it acts but also affects the radiation, also as in previous risks is complex to analyze because it is not possible to simulate it correctly.
Countermeasures to control orthostatic intolerance are used operationally to protect the crew when returning to earth but it is not known if whole body protection is required when the acceleration experienced during descent and ascent from the earth's surface occurs. 

9 Risk of impaired performance due to reduced muscle size, strenght and endurance

Exposure to microgravity or partial gravity environments results in decreased muscle size, strength and endurance which increases the likelihood of mission failure due to inability to perform tasks requiring muscle strength. According to studies by the International Space Station, if the crew maintains a strict regimen of exercise and other safety measures, then they will return with a reduced amount of muscle level.  In order to ensure that the missions are always carried out as correctly as possible, NASA is making suits that allow characterizing what muscle mass is necessary to perform the assigned task, in addition to supplying the spacecraft with all the implements to perform exercises, all these are preventive and very effective measures to avoid any serious problem that can be generated both for the person directly involved and for the rest of his team.

10 Risk of radiation carcinogenesis

Astronauts in space are exposed to space radiation, which increases the possibility of increased morbidity or mortality from cancer. There have been a variety of experiments and data retrieval from nuclear attacks and from people undergoing radiation therapy, but this is only useful as a reference system because space radiation contains high-energy particles, including protons, heavy ions and neutrons, which generate an almost direct effect on DNA. 
This problem is mainly due to the lack of resources and the limitations to build spacecraft, so safety remains imperfect particularly during deep space travel and interplanetary missions. The main method to solve this problem is early detection and constant health monitoring. 

11 Risk of renal stone formation

Due to changes in urinary biochemistry during spaceflight, astronauts are at risk of developing kidney stones and all their symptoms such as nausea, renal colic, vomiting, hematuria and infections during and after the flight. The treatment measures to solve this disease are already established on earth but for exploration missions have not yet been established, and even when it has how to manage in some cases but in space is very complicated to control all the factors therefore some missions have been even terminated prematurely by complications of kidney stones. One method that is considered as a solution is to lie down and rest. Exercise also works as it allows a greater sweating and therefore a pathway for the release of CA2+.

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